LANGUAGES AND LANGUAGE DIVERSITY:

A VOCABULARY:

systems, characters, form, meaningful
borrow, specializes, refer, to, divided
past, rate, estimate, linguists

1- THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT WRITING systems THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE USES THE ROMAN ALPHABET.
2- A DERMATOLOGIST IS A DOCTOR WHO specialist IN PROBLEMS OF THE SKIN.
3- THE UNITED STATES IS divided INTO FIFTY STATES.
4 IN THE past FIFTY YEARS,THE POPULATION OF THE WORLD HAS INCREASED RAPIDLY.
5- CAN I borrow YOUR PEN FOR JUST A MINUTE?
6- IT'S MUCH EASIER TO form WET SNOW INTO BALLS THAN TO USE DRY SNOW.
7-IN SOME COUNTRIES, STUDENTS refer THEIR PROFESSORS BY THEIR FIRST NAMES.
8- NOAM CHOMSKY,A PROFESSOR AT MIT,IS ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS meaningful IN THE WORLD.
9- A TEAM OF WORKERS CAN BUILD A CAR AT A FASTER rate THAN PEOPLE WORKING ALONE.
10- THE WORD diversity HAS NINE characters.

B VOCABULARY:

1-THE BEST WAY TO BECOME linguistics IS TO LIVE IN A FOREIGN COUNTRY.
2- HIS FRIENDS BEGAN TO WORRY ABOUT HIM WHEN HE SAID THAT THERE WAS NO LONGER ANYTHING meaningful IN HIS LIFE.
3- IF YOU WANT TO STUDY HOW PEOPLE LEARN LANGUAGES, YOU SHOULD TAKE A linguistic COURSE.
4- MOTORCYCLISTS WEAR HELMETS TO PREVENT brain INJURY IN AN ACCIDENT.
5- I DON'T KNOW THE EXACT POPULATION OF MY CITY, BUT I estimate THAT THERE ARE ABOUT 2 MILLION PEOPLE.
6- MY DENTIST SAID THAT I NEED TO GO TO A specialist TO GET MY TOOTH FIXED.
7- DURING THE PRESIDENT'S SPEECH, SHE MADE reference TO AN IMPORTANT NEW MEDICAL STUDY.
8- THE COMPUTER system FOR THE WHOLE OFFICE WAS DOWN FOR TWO DAYS.
9- WHEN YOU EXERCISE, YOUR HEART rate GOES UP.
10- WE HAD SUCH A LARGE CLASS THAT THE INSTRUCTOR HAD TO divide IT UP INTO THREE GROUPS.

C VOCABULARY REVIEW: ANTONYMS:

1- HARMLESS j. hazardous
2- INSTRUCTOR e. student
3- ONCE IN A WHILE d.often
4- LIFT k.drop
5- MAYBE c.certainly
6- TERRIFY g.calm
7- EMPTY b.full
8- POSITIVE a.negative
9- DEMAND f.request
10-TAKE OFF h.land
E COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS:

1- WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF A LANGUAGE?
A definition of a language is a systems of sounds,gestures,or characters used to communicate ideas and feelings.
2- WHAT IS A SIGN LANGUAGE?
A sign language is a method of communication which gestures do the work.
3- IN ENGLISH, THE BASIC ORDER OF WORDS IN YOUR FIRST LANGUAGE? OBJECT. WHAT IS THE BASIC ORDER OF WORDS IN YOUR FIRST LANGUAGE?
The basic order of words in my first language is expressed through a system of characters.In spoken languages, meaning is expressed through a system of sounds and rules for combining those sounds.
4- WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF BORROWED WORD?
An example of a borrowed word is tomato.
5- WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN INVENTED WORD?
The English word byte was invented by a computer specialists.
6- WHAT IS ONE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGE FAMILY AND THE INDO- EUROPEAN LANGUAGE FAMILY.
The difference between is that Austronesian family contains at least 500 languages and the Indo- European language family contains fifty- five languages.

7- WHY IS IT USEFUL TO GROUP LANGUAGES INTO FAMILIES?
It is useful to group languages into families because there are different groups and you compare the similarities between the languages.
8- SHOULD WE TRY TO KEEP LANGUAGES ALIVE?WHY OR WHY NOT?
We should keep languages alive because if not then by the time past they will die and that language it would not communicate that culture.
9- WHY IS IT MORE DIFFICULT FOR ADULTS THAN CHILDREN TO LEARN A SECOND LANGUAGE?
It is more difficult to adults than children to learn a second language because they use the same size of their brain and dults learn their first language because they already learn their first language.

F PARAPHRASING:

1- THERE ARE ABOUT 150 AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES SPOKEN TODAY. THESE LANGUAGES HAVE MANY DIFFERENCES AMONG THEM AND HAVE BEEN DIVIDED INTO MORE THAN FIFTY LANGUAGE FAMILIES.

There are about 150 American Indian languages around teh world spoken today.Thas why these languages have many differences among them and have been divided into more than fifty language families.
2- MOST CHLIDREN LEARN THEIR FIRST LANGUAGE EASILY AND SOMETIMES OTHER LANGUAGES AS WELL. ADULTS OFTEN MUST WORK HARDER AT LEARNING A SECOND LANGUAGE.
Childrens attend to leran their first language easily and sometimes other languages as well.Adults frequently must work harder at learning a second language.


G MAIN IDEA:

1- WRITE A SENTENCE FOR THE MAIN IDEA FOR PARAGRAPH 4.
Languages are always changing, trough words borrowed or changing the meaning of words.

2-WRITE A SENTENCE FOR THE MAIN IDEA FOR PARAGRAPH.
Today,50% of the world's population speaks one of the top fiften languages.

i WORD FORMS: ACTIVE AND PASSIVE.

1- THE LECTURE ON SAFE DRIVING WAS VERY instructive.
2- Honesty IS AN IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTIC FOR SOMEONE WORKING IN A BANK.
3- THAT MYSTERY PROGRAM WAS VERY imaginative. I DIDN'T KNOW HOW IT WAS GOING TO END UNTIL THE LAST MINUTE.
4- THE TELEPHONE invent BY ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL.
5- THE MINISTER OF HEALTH DIDN'T LIKE SOME OF THE QUESTIONS THAT THE interviewer ASKED HIM. HE interview BY A FOREIGN JOURNALIST.
6- MARGE STARTED A FIGHT WITH HER SISTER. THIS WAS VERY characteristically OF MARGE; SHE IS USUALLY NICE TO HER SISTER.
7- BARBARA IS GOING TO STUDY psychology. THEN SHE WILL WORK WITH PEOPLE WHO HAVE psychological PROBLEMS.
8- DAN beg HIS FRIEND TO LEND HIM HIS CAR.
9- MR.THOMPSON IS A DEPENDABLE PERSON. YOU KNOW THAT HE WILL DO WHAT HE SAYS. YOU CAN depend (on) HIM.

J NOUN SUBSTITUTES:
1) Page 134 line 15 it: word.
2) Page 134 line 19 they: languages.
3) Page 134 line 30 they: scientists.
4) Page 135 line 61 they: adults.
5) Page 135 line 68 they: languages.

K ARTICLE:

1- SOME LANGUAGES ARE USED BY MILLIONS OF PEOPLE.
2- MANY HEARING- IMPAIRED PEOPLE USE SIGN LANGUAGES, IN WHICH GESTURES DO THE WORK OF SOUND SYSTEM OF SPOKEN LANGUAGES.
3- WORD ORDER IS MORE IMPORTANT IN ENGLISH THAN IT IS IN SOME OTHER LANGUAGES SUCH AS RUSSIAN.
4- The ENGLISH WORD BYTE WAS INVENTED BY COMPUTER SPECIALISTS IN 1959.
5- ENGLISH WORD MEAT ONCE REFERRED TO FOOD IN GENERAL.
6- EXPERTS ESTIMATE THAT, ON AVERAGE, THE WORLD LOSES a LANGUAGE EVERY TWO WEEKS.
7- TODAY, 50% OF the WORLD'S POPULATION SPEAKS ONE OF the TOP FIFTEEN LANGUAGES.
8- RECENT RESEARCH INDICATES THAT a CHILD'S BRAIN LEARNS a NEW LANGUAGE DIFFERENTLY THAN an ADULT'S BRAIN DOES.

I TWO- WORD VERBS:

1- U.N. stand for UNITED NATIONS.
2- TOM HAD A BIG PARTY. AFTER WARDS, HE HAD TO clean up THE HOUSE. THREE OF HIS FRIENDS STAYED TO help out.
3- ALI STUDIED AT NEW YORK UNIVERSITY FOR FIVE YEARS. WHEN HE LEFT, TWENTY PEOPLE WENT TO THE AIRPORT TO pick him up.
4- LET'S GO TO THE PARTY TOGETHER. I'LL pick YOU up AT 9:00.

M GUIDED WRITING:

1- COMPARE YOUR FIRST LANGUAGE TO THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. HOW ARE THEY SIMILAR? HOW ARE THEY DIFFERENT?
My first language is Spanish it is similar to the English because, the meaning is expressed through a system of characters and rules for combining those characters. On the other hand they are different since, English is pronounced as it is and written in the different hearing sound. However, Spanish is written as it is sound. Moreover it is different by the ascent of pronunciation.

2- WHAT IS EASY ABOUT LEARNING A SECOND LANGUAGE? WHAT IS DIFFICULT?

The main idea about learning a second language is listening, reading, and using the language. The difficult part is that it takes time for the brain to memorize a new language.