"My Digital World Glossary".

* RAM: Is a type of computer memory that can be accessed quickly without touching any bytes.In addiction, Ram is the most common type of memory found in computers and other devices, such as printers.








* Computer Storage:A computer memory that refer to components, devices and recording
media that retain data for some interval of time.







* Optical Drive: A storage device that writes data to and reads data from an optical storage medium, such as compact disk.



* Software: Is an application package, which enables you to perform certain tasks, which manipulates any number of variables, hardware or data. Microsoft Word is a software program that enables word processing facilities.



* USB:is a plug-and-play portable storage device that uses flash memory and is lightweight enough to attach to a key chain. A USB drive can be used in place of a floppy disk, Zip drive disk, or CD. When the user plugs the device into the USB port, the computer's operating system recognizes the device as a removable drive and assigns it a drive letter. Moreover, is known as a flash drive or keychain drive.








* Computer: An electronic machine that receives, processes and presents data. A computer can be programmed to perform complicated tasks, like solving complex mathematical equations or controlling a flight simulator.






* Microprocessor: a chip that serves as the central processing unit controlling a computer. A microprocessor is the result of an electronics miniaturisation technique and computer technology which provide programmable intelligence in a small package at relatively low cost.






* Hard Drive: The hard drive stores all the computer's information and retains the information when the computer is turned off.






* Data Bus: (internal/external) The lines on the system bus that CPU uses to send and receive data.






* Computer Program: A combination of computer instructions and data definitions that enable computer hardware to perform computational or control functions.








* Binary: A numbering system with just two numbers. Usually, one and zero. Digital computers reduce everything, ultimately, to strings of ones and zeros.









* Hardware: is a general term that refers to the physical artifacts of a technology. It may also mean the physical components of a computer system, in the form of computer hardware.






* MODEM: A device that converts digital data into analog signals and vice-versa for transmission over a telephone line.

MY LEARNING STYLE:

Part I. My Learning Style
A. What type of learning style do you fit most? (If there are two, write both)
The type of learning style that I fit the most is Kinesthetic Learner because,Remembering by repeating things to my self to memorize, everyting breaking things such as paragraphs or sentences in parts.

B. Explain why you fit into this particular learning style. (Use the multiple choice questions and your answers to explain this)
Example: I am a kinesthetic learner because I can’t keep my feet still when I wait on line.
I am a kinesthethic learner because I need to be active and take a lot of breaks while remembering.



C. According to “part b”, what kinds of things do people with your learning style do in a classroom?
The kind of things that people with my kind of learning style do in a classroom is siting near the door or someplace else where they can easily get up and move around.


D. How could knowing your learning style help you, personally?
Knowing my learning style help me, personally to stay active at all times trying to remember what I have to memorize.


E. How do you think this could help you in your studies?
I think this could help me in my studies in a way of perceiving and learning at the same time without any distractions.


F. Now that you have discovered how you learn, how can Mr. Pelech make things easier for you during class? What can he do to ensure you learn every day?Now that I discovered how I learn Mr. Pelech make things easier for me by explaining every single step that I have to do during classwork time. In addiction, the type of thing that he can do to be ensure that I am learning is giving me examples of the lesson that he is teaching.

TRAPPED BY FEAR:

THINK IT THROUGH:

Who is afraid to cross the Mackinac Bridge? How does this fear affect them?

The people that are afraid to cross the Mackinac Bridge are both sex some times it's a man, other time a woman. It can be a young person, bt just as often it's an older adult. At times, a person on motorcycle can't get across. Sometimes even truck drivers have to ask someone to take their rigs across.

What are the results of a phobia?

The results of a phobia are some fear heights. Others dread entering wide-open places. Still others are afraid of being closed into small spaces. Many are afraid to fly in airplanes.Dirt and germs are some people's biggest fear. They don't want to touch anything, however clean, for fear of gettingsick.Others are afraid of animals, like cats or snakes.Others are afraid of animals, like cats or snakes.

How can childhood events lead to phobias?
Childhood events can leads to phobias as terrified at the sound of running water. Also childrens soemtimes had gone on a picnic with the family so when they go to the river and trapper by the water's strong current they can not get out. In addition, what started as a shock from one event can become fear of many things or ideas. For example, a small boy scared by a dog might grow up to fear all dogs and cats.


How can people with phobias learn to live with them?

People with phobias can learn to live with them because they get help from doctors to get over a fear little by little and the things that they're afraid of take other methods that can help them and at the same time take that phobia out of their mind thinking about other things.

Many people have strong fears, called phobias, that greatly affect their lives. This is the main idea of the article. List at least five details that support this main idea.

Five details that support this main idea are, flying,water, height, animal and wide-open.


Would reading this article help someone with phobia?

Reading this article would help someone with phobia because, it gives examples on how people can get over with it and the methods that offers.

MAIN IDEA:
People suffer from many kinds of phobias.

DETAILS:
- Some fear heights.
- dread entering wide- open places.
- Others afraid of being closed into small spaces.
- Many are afraid to fly in airplanes.
- Afraid of animals like cats or snakes.

CAUSE AND EFFECT:

1- People wanted to travel between two parts of Michigan, so a bridge was built.

CAUSE:
People wanted to travel between two parts of Michigan.
EFFECT:
They built or construct a bridge.

2- When some people panic on the bridge, they freeze.
CAUSE:
Some people panic on the bridge.
EFFECT:
They freeze.

3- A driver comes to help when people stop their cars on the bridge.
CAUSE:
A driver comes to help.
EFFECT:
When people stop their cars on the bridge.

4- Sometimes people have bad experiences as children and they develop phobias.
CAUSE:
Sometimes people have bad experiences.
EFFECT:
As children they develop phobias.

5- Some people get rid of their phobias because they work bit by bit to get over their fear.
CAUSE:
Some people get rid of their phobias.
EFFECT:
They work bit by bit to get over their fear.


Context Clues: Definition and Restatement

1- Phobias are fears that are irrational, that is, not logical.
Irrational means: Not consistent with or using reason.

2- One of the most common phobias is claustrophobia-the fear of closed places.
Claustrophobia is: The fear of being in a closed space.

3- A person with that phobia would feel great anxiety, or nervousness, in a small room.
Anxiety is: A nervous disorder characterized by a state of excessive uneasiness.

4- Some people have acrophobia, that is, the fear of crowds.
Acrophobia is: Fear of high places.

5- Those people may not be able to walk down a congested (crowded) street.
Congested means: overfull as with blood.

Writing Activity:
Pretend that you are an advice columnist. Write a short piece of advice to someone who is afraid of heights. Use at least four of the words you learned from the reading.

As a advice columnist the advice that I can give someone who is afraid of heights is that when I was little I used to have phobia of heights so I went to the doctor so he introdused me in special claces to get rid of it. Moreover, the same advise I give to the people who is in the same situation with acrophobia.

BIOGRAPHY OF MALCOM X

"A man who stands for nothing will fall for anything". Malcom X believed in using more agressive measures in the fight for civil rights. He was born May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska. His father, a Baptist minister, was an out spoken follower of Marcous Garvey (1887-1940), the black nationalist leader. He supported a "back to Africa" movement for African Americans. During Malcom's early years his family moved several times because of racism.

Malcom X began to study Muhammad's teachings and to practice the religion faithfully. Soon became the most popular national spokesman for the Black Muslims. His debating talents against white and black opponents helped spread the movement's message who fough for civil rights.At this time in the United states there was a major movement for racial integration, ojn bringing the races together in peace.He believed that civil rights made in America a lot to almost nothing. He used nonviolent methods in order to achieve integration. Malcom X called for self- defence in the face of white violence. In his childhood his mother became mentally ill, Malcom was sent to a foster home. The children were divided among several families, and Malcom lived in various state institutions and boardinghouses. At thirteen Malcom was charged with failure behaving in a way that was against the law and was sent to a juvenile detention home. He dropped out of school at age of Fifteen.

Malcom's accomplishment did not end there. In 1957 urged black people to give up the Christian religion.He preached that high crime rate in black communities was a result of African Americans following the lifestyle of western,white society. His charismatic personality also attracted the attention of white media.

In 1965 Malcom X died been shot by a black man " we are in a world where our liders are made of flesh and blood" meaning they give their best of their lifes sacrifiying themselves for their people and getting almost nothing for it transforming them as a hero or a soldier for their country.

THE CALL OF THE WILD:

Words to Know

realm- kingdom dominance- power over others eerie- creating a feeling of mystery and fear edible- able to be eaten kennels- A structure approved for the use of transporting animals. slouch- walk slovenly bully- A player who raises continually to try and get others to fold. dispatches- a long running British television

brutes- beasts lashings- straps that bind the sled together edible- able to be eaten moccasins- soft leather shoes courier- some one who delivers dispatches thrash- punish surge- rising up

1- What details show that Buck is a leader?
The details that show Buck is a leader are that he was neither house dog nor shelters for dogs. For example, in text says he jumped into the swimming tank or went hunting with the Judge's sons. He took long walks with the Judge's daughters. At night he lay at the Judge's feet before the roaring fire. He guarded the Judge's grandsons on their trips to the berry patches.



2-How would you describe Buck's life in the Beginning of the story, in the middle, and in the end.
I would describe Buck's life in the beginning of the story as a leader and strong dog since he was a heavy strong muscles and furry coats animal in which he was trained to act like a human been helping and doing the job of his owner. In the middle of the story I would describe Buck's life as on intelligent and creative animal because Buck obeys his owner commands of the men out of fear of being whipped as they trained him the weather is cold, and there is never enough food. Also no longer living with people who love him, he listens to his instincts and quickly becomes wild. Finally at the end at the end I would describe Buck's life hard worker dog who gave his life to defend him self the best that he could until he was kill.


3-How has Buck's character change throughout the story?

Buck's character change throughout the story by facing and passing thought many affairs such as for two days and nights Buck did not eat or drink. His throat and tongue hurt from lack of water. His eyes turned red. He became such an angry beast during this terrible experience that the Judge himself would not have known him.

4- External conflict is a struggle between the main character and others. Internal conflict is a struggle within the main character. What type of conflict has Buck faced in the story- internal or external? How do you know?
The type of conflict that Buck has faced in the story is external because he helps and defend his owner as in the text says "One night when the Judge was not home, Manuel took Buck on a long walk. He walked Buck all the way to a park and stopped to talk to a man. He trusted people he knew, but when the stranger took the rope, he began to growl. Buck bit the man's hand, so he was choked again,until his senses left him.


5- What do you think "he was beaten... but he was not broken" means?
I think "he was beaten..but he was not broken" means he saw that he stood no chance against a man with a club. He had learned the lesson, and in all his life he never forgot it.

6- What did the man in the red sweater teach Buck?
The man in the red sweater teach and trained Buck when the man stuck so hard that Buck could do nothing but lie there. He could not even think. But one of the men on the wall cried out. Buck's senses came back to him but not his strength. He lay where he had fallen and watched the man in the red sweater. Until finally Buck learned the lesson on how to act been a good dog.

7- From which point of view is this story told? How does this help us-readers?
From the point of view this story is told on page 377 when Buck had grown up with pride, like a smart and intelligent gentleman and he hunted outdoors and loved to swim. Always been active learning from his trainer.

8- Contrast Buck's new surroundings with his surroundings at Judge Miller's place.
Buck’s new place is cold and he have to fight for survive so he doesn't die and keep helping his owner. On the other hand, Judge Miller’s place it was peaceful and he didn’t have to do anything except eat and sleep.

9- How do Buck's new owners compare to the man in the red sweater?
They were both fair, calm men, but they knew dogs too well to be fooled by them. They tended to the dogs during the long voyage.

10- How would you describe Buck as he is towards the end of the story?
I would describe Buck as he is towards the end of the story as a hardship dog who proposed to himself to give to his owner the best of him helping him in everything and at the end he defend himself until the end that he could been bloody and painting hard finally Buck stood and looked on to Spitz, the beast who had finally made his kill.
11- Describe some major hardships faced by the dogs and men in the story.
The hardships faced by the dogs was loving their work passing through many affairs against the others fighting among their mates. On the other hand, the hardship of men in the story training dogs that had strong muscles and furry coasts to keep off the frost.
12- In what ways does Buck challenge Spitz?
The ways that Buck challenge Spitz by always trying to beat each other in everything they did and also they both wanted to be team leader.
13- What event makes the conflict between Buck and Spitz turn into "war"?

The event that turns everything into war was when they were chasing the rabbit down the food that was alive and that fled went back to the dawn of time.

14- Compare the way Spitz first treated Buck with the way Buck is treating Spitz in the end of the story.

The way Spitz first treated Buck was when Buck tried to sink his teeth into the neck of the big white dog, fang clashed against fang and each time Spitz slashed him and got away.However, at the end of the story Spitz staggered back and forth, growling as if to scare off knocking Buck down.

15- What qualities help Buck become the leader of the dogs led team?
The qualities that helps Buck become the leader of the dogs led team are, hardship, encourage, determination and capacity.

16- What do you think the Call of the Wild means?
I think the Call of the Wild means acting to save people taking the control and encourage to confront on affair.

17- Where in the story do you think Buck feels "the call of the wild"? Give examples to support your answer.
In the part that I think Buck feels " the call of the wild is when he became such an angry beast during this terrible experience that the Judge himself would not have known him.

18- What is the theme of the story?
Never give up until the end even though you have to pass through many affairs because at the end it will turned positive and proactive for your own good.

BOOK REPORT:

TITLE OF THE BOOK: Night John
AUTHOR: Gary Paulsen
NUMBER OF PAGES: 92
CHARACTERS: Sarny, Night John. Mammy, and Clel Waller.

SARNY & NIGHT JOHN PROTAGONIST: A young girl of twelve years old who doesn't know how to read or count since when she was little never got an education people thinks "she's dumb because she is quiet, don't make noise and go to twattering all the time." But in reality she listen all the time and learn things. Moreover, as she is interesting in learning takes the risk to learn. On the other hand, night John who was a slave and escaped freedom but came back to teach reading using the strategy of the first letters of the alphabet knowing that the penalty for reading was torture.

MAMMY: Is a person who takes care of the young children's so "when they're born babies go to wet nurse and in summer she cuts a notch on the stick for each of the girls so as to know when it will come time for the troubles and then the breeding".

CLEL WALLER ANTAGONIST: Pale white maggot ugly and smell his white ugliness stink of bad sweat, whiskey, smoke and fat food. He wants slaves to call him "master", got dogs , whip and a gun so he could cause bad hurt.

SETTING: A farm house

THEME: Education is very important.

A PLOT SUMMARY: Night John travel to the Waller plantation and meet a girl of twelve years old named Sarny, a slave whose mother was sold away when she was four. Sarny first sees Night john when he is brought to the plantation with a rope around his neck, his body covered with scars from many beatings by dogs . Sarny was pulling to Night john when she learns that he had escaped North to freedom, only to voluntarily return to the South. Night john had a mission to teach slaves how to read and write. He believes knowledge was the key to helping slaves by using the alphabet. Sarny was decided to take the risk, even knowing that the penalty for reading was torture or kill.

FIVE WORDS I LEARNED:


SHACKLE: A metal link which can be open and closed for joining chain to anchor.

• Slaves were treated like animals with a shackle on their neck.
  

PALLET: A hand tool with a flat blade used by potters for mixing and shaping clay.

• Slaves had to eat their food with pallets.
  

BREEDING: Conservation status refers to the breeding population of the species in the nation or state/province.

• My grandmother was a breeding women.
  

SHACK: Is a type of small house that is in disrepair.

• Poor people use to leave in shack houses.
  

GRIEF: The normal, natural and necessary inner experience of loss.

• Masters made slaves felt grief.

WRITE ABOUT A TIME YOU SACRIFICED SOMETHING FOR SOMEONE INCLUDE YOUR REASONING AND FEELINGS.

When my older sister was in high school she needed to pass a final test so she could graduate on time with a special license for airframe mechanic of aviation but needed someone who could help her to review her notes and asked her questions about the topic. So I decided to stay with her until five in the morning going over every step of her reviews notes. In addiction, at the end it was very useful since, she passed her test with a good grade and got her license so I feel good because, I helped her to change her life.

PRETEND THAT YOU ARE EITHER SARNY OR NIGHT JOHN WRITE A JOURNAL ENTRY ABOUT A DAY YOU HAD IN THE PLANTATION.

One day I decided to run away from slavery and reached freedom but
I put my self in the same position as the others slaves and I could not resist so I decided to go back and change a life a another slave like me risking my self deciding to teach the alphabet since when I was little the masters use to speak at the back of my house in which my room was next to and each day I learned a new word connecting all them together.

POEM ALLITERATION:

For math test I Ran Reviews
in my note book
putting apart my favorite games
running through my notes fast as rapid
to memorize all them
and searching information
on the world wide web.

ANOTHER APRIL:

THINK IT THROUGH:

1- WHAT IS THE TERRAPIN DOING AS GRANDPA LEAVES?
The terrapin reaction as Grandpa leaves was twisted his wrinkled neck without moving his big body, poking his head deeper into the April wind holding one eye on Grandpa shining in the sinking sunlight.

2- GRANDPA CALLS THE TERRAPIN HIS "OLD FRIEND". WHAT DO YOU THINK HE AND THE TERRAPIN HAVE IN COMMON?
I think he and the terrapin have in common is the age because,the terrapin has spent the winters under a smokehouse for fifteen years and they had seen the Aprils pass like Grandpa had seen them and if he enjoyed them like Grandpa was enjoying that April.


3- HAS THE BOY'S ATTITUDE TOWARD HIS GRANDFATHER CHANGED? SUPPORT YOUR OPINION WITH EXAMPLES.
The boy's attitude toward his grandfather changed wondering how his grandfather keep that close relationship with the same terrapin for fifteen years. Moreover, the boy got a surprise as hearing his grandfather talking with the turtle that the terrapin has been eating tomatoes from his grandpa's garden for fifteen years and the grandfather talking with the same terrapin understanding his expression as grandpa's speaks with him.

NEW TECHNOLOGY:

NEW TECHNOLOGY NOW PLAYS A PART IN ALL OUR LIVES:

There have been some dramatic changes the past few years ( e.g. electricity, space exploration, computer advancement, car transport, and medical advances). Moreover, significant changes seems likely in the coming future, especially in the following three areas: electricity, space exploration, and medical changes.

Important changes has been developed in Electricity in the past few decades (e.g. People first discovered how to make and control electricity in the 1880s. Before that time there were no electric lights, electric refrigerators, TV sets) This is still likely to be a major are of change in the coming decades: e.g. Use a microwave oven, where it cooks food in about 3 or 5 minutes depending on what type of food. Also inventors immediately began to create machines that could use it and people don't have to write by hand anymore just simply typing on a computer.


Significant changes space exploration has change our life's rapidly now scientific people are making nation’s space programs for decades to come. During this event, important topics such as the lunar exploration strategy, robotic and human collaboration, launch systems and operations, science, opportunities for international participation, and commercial opportunities.

Changes have been taken place over the last few years in medical changes now scientific has discovered new technology to save people from illness that before no one could save or do anything for it. For example, now there are inventing a cure for cancer deceases to people who suffered from it.

In conclusion, I believe and think that technology will change our lives in the next century in the areas of electricity, space exploration, and medical changes.

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE:

There have been dramatic technological changes over the past 100 years changes have been taken place in the three main areas. For example, electricity, motorized transport and space exploration. Further dramatic change seems likely to in the following three areas: car technology; camera technology; alternative energy sources.

Significant changes car technology has developed rapidly in the past few decades. For the past 28 years the battery cauterized devices, that replaced keys, rely on weak radio signals emitted by tiny transmitters the active a car's door lock motors. The transmitters had a range of 15 feet, although, trees or wall could block the signal. This is still likely to be a major area of change in the coming decades: e.g. car engines uses both internal combustion engine and electric motor for running the car intelligently. The electronic system decides when to run the car on electric motor alone, when to run it on both electric motor and engine, when to run it on gasoline alone and when to use motor as a generator and convert kinetic energy from the wheels into electricity to charge the battery camera.

Camera technology astounding changes consumers more easily and better by all digital cameras have a built in computer, and all of them record images electronically. Also consumers can just charge the camera and use it for the rest of the day. Furthermore, they have a ship that can have a thousand of memory also it has video tape.

A major challenge facing the world at the end of the 20th century= global warming resulting from man-made pollution. It is likely that alternative energy sources will soon be exploited more seriously solar, wind and wave energy. Nuclear energy Perhaps we will abandon high-speed vehicles and accept slower, more energy- efficient ones.Even though, there are already inventing flying car in the air without using gasoline by using the wind.

To conclude, we can expect major changes in the areas of car technology, camera technology and energy use.

POEM

My favorite color is Purple:


I walk into a purple garden
the place is magical and free
in the morning all the purple
flowers are like a rainbow
moving as wind
the grass is violet, the sky
is blue purple defines every tree



I walk into a purple garden there
are purple flowers that smell like
grapes and a swamp of violet waters
sound trickle into my ears

I walk into a purple graden a streak
of purple runs across the sky I hear my
sister whisper say it was a fairy passing by

I walk into a purple garden on violet
sod I lie my head but later, of course I
awake in my bed.

ESSAY WRITING

There are variety of activities people can do during the day. In general, everyone has his or her own preferences on spending time on something that they enjoy. The activity subject is flexible and is easily adapted to people's environment. The activities have many ways of distractions and entertaintments.

The activities are the same by students spending their free time in something that they like to do and enjoy it at the same time. In addition, they share different experiences and each one of them learn from each other. Such as, sports, games, drawings, shopping, and studing. However, the activities are different since some students like to spend time on what they prefer or like to do for their entertaintment. Some like prefer to go to the library and relax searching for information on the computer while some students like to go shopping to the stores having fun with their friends.

The activity that I like the best is the library because, I can get benefits from it by reading books to improve my learning skills and grammar so I can speak English better and more. Furthermore, I can ask for help from a friend or a teacher in the library on any homework or project that I have to do. For example, if I need help in a math problem, I can ask for help and they will teach me how to do it.

To conclude, there are plenty of activities that people can do during the day depending on their own preferences of spending their free time on things that they like to do.

TROMBONES AND COLLEGES:

THINK IT THROUGH:

1) WHAT DOES CLYDE HAVE TO DO IN ORDER TO STAY IN AN ACADEMIC PROGRAM?
In order to Clyde stay in an academic program he have to take over the mathematic class over and pass it taking the program in the summer.


2) WHICH PROGRAM DOES CLYDE CHOOSE? IS THIS IS THE CHOICE YOU EXPECTED HIM TO MAKE?

Clyde choose the academic course. I did not expected for him this choice since, he is not passing his classes and he doesn't pay any effort for it.

3) WHY DO YOU THINK MRS. JONES SHARES THIS MEMORY ABOUT CLYDE'S FATHER?
I think Mrs. Jones shares this memory about Clyde's father because, Clyde is interesting in play the trombone so Mrs. Jones is just giving him an advise that his father would never give up on anything he really wanted.


4) FROM CLYDE'S VIEW POINT, WHY DOES HIS MOTHER SHARE THE MEMORY ABOUT HIS FATHER?
His mother share's the memory about his father because she wants the best for him and giving him that advise he would think of him self and maybe change.

5) MRS. JONES MIGHT HAVE REACHED DIFFERENTLY TO CLYDE'S REPORT CARD. WHY DO YOU THINK SHE REACHES AS SHE REACTS AS SHE DOES?
I think is because she wants the best for him and not seen him cry for something that if he pay effort can do it as he doesn't want to give up.


6) HOW DOES CLYDE FEEL ABOUT HIS MOM'S DESIRE THAT HE KEEP ON TRYING?

Clyde feel better because at least he have another opportunity to do better and do something for his future.

ROBERTO CLEMENTE: Hero and Friend

THINK IT THROUGH:

1) WHAT STEPS DOES ROBERTO TAKE TO BECOME A GREAT BASEBALL PLAYER?

The steps that Roberto take to become a great baseball player was work hard to make his dream come true and in school joined the baseball team.

2) WHAT SETS ROBERTO ABOVE THE REST OF THE PLAYERS?

The sets that Roberto above the rest of the players was that he record 6.4 seconds fire fasting balls at the catcher so fast and becoming terrifying discovery.

3) WHAT ARE ROBERTO'S ACHIEVEMENTS AS A PLAYER?
Roberto's achievements as a player are that he became a Puerto Rican fan as a hero. Also had his 3000th career hit. At the time, only ten men had achieved this goal.


4) WHICH OF ROBERTO CLEMENTE'S GOALS WAS REACHED AFTER HIS DEATH?
The goals that was reached after Clemente's goals was that visitors were greeted with a twelve foot statue of Roberto Clemente sports City.


5) BECOMING A BASEBALL HALL OF FAME MEMBER SHOWS THAT ROBERTO WAS AN OUTSTANDING PLAYER. FIND EVIDENCE FROM THE SELECTION THAT SHOWS HIM AS AN OUTSTANDING HUMAN BEING.

The evidence that shows that Roberto was an outstanding human being is that he continued to play no matter how tired he was because he wanted his fans to enjoy watching him.

6) LOOK OVER THE DETAILS ABOUT ROBERTO'S DISAPPEARANCE. USE THE INFORMATION TO MAKE A TIME LINE OF THE EVENTS.

• He was born in the island of Puerto Rico.

• He joined to the runners team to get a stronger body.

• Sign for a contract to get money to their family.

• Help people in his country and the young people to learn the values of hard work through sports.
  

• Hall of fame, one honor that he was given.

POEM:

IN A SUNSHINE NEIGHBORHOOD IN DR:

I learned the
difference between
roses and violets

carin~o
come and help me
she'd tell me

on the mornings
my parents
would leave

to work at
the restaurant

my grandma
would move as wind

maintain the flowers
as good as gold

listen to radio
and sing them
old songs

dance while cooking
in the kitchen

when she'd say
mi muchachita
she'd laugh and
give me a big hug

with my grandma
I learned to spread
water on the flowers

to point out the red
roses in the sunshine

DR gardens, rivers,
sea

in her eyes I'd see
them in her rainbow

I'd feel them and
see the different colors
like a stripe

one day I was told
she was gone

but still I feel her
in my heart

whispering in
my ear and mind
carin~o.

CESAR CHAVEZ CIVIL-RIGHTS CHAMPION:

VOCABULARY:

NONVIOLENT: Moral philosophy that rejects the use of violence in efforts to attain social or political change.

UNION: A combination of things that are joined together to form a single object or unit.

MOTTO: A personal belief that one shares, related to life.

FASTS: Fasts is primarily the act of willingly abstaining from some or all food, drink, or both, for a period of time.

TACTICS: Plans and moves that gain advantages in the short term.

REREAD:

1) FIND TWO EVENTS THAT LED TO CHANGES IN CESAR'S LIFE.
The two events that led to change in Cesar's life is that he work full time for the Community Service organization and he held meetings to talk with workers which make more workers joined the CSO.

2) DO YOU THINK THIS IS A GOOD MOTTO?
I think this is a good motto because it was the beginning of Chavez's life work and the support of his workers gaining the world's attention.

3) WHY DO YOU THINK CESAR TRIED A BOYCOTT?
I think Cesar tried a boycott since meaning that no one would buy grapes unless farmers met some of the workers' demands.

4) NOTICE THAT THE WRITER EXPRESSES OPINIONS ABOUT CHAVEZ AT THE END.
Writers expresses opinions about Chavez at the end because he gave dignity and hope not only to farmworkers, but to all Mexican Americans.Moreover, Cesar Chavez was a giant in the civil rights movement of the United states.

THINK IT THROUGH:

1) HOW WAS CESAR LIKE THE OTHER CHILDREN OF MIGRANT WORKERS? HOW WAS HE DIFFERENT?
Cesar was like the other children of migrant workers different in a way that children went to school when they could.However, Chavez finished eighth grade. This was far more education than most migrant children got. But Chavez also taught himself. He was always reading.

2) WHY DO YOU THINK THE FARMWORKERS FOLLOWED CESAR?
I think the farmworkers followed Cesar because he proved that farmworkers had power. Together they could bargain with farmers for better wages and working conditions.

3) WHY WAS CESAR'S FIRM POSITION ON NONVIOLENCE A WISE CHOICE IN THIS STRIKE?
Cesar's firm position on nonviolence was a wise choice in this strike because he insisted on using only nonviolent tactics. To bring attention to this point, he began a twenty five day hunger strike. Also doing this he won the support of civil rights groups and churches.

4) WHAT SACRIFICES DID CESAR MAKE CAUSE OF THE FARMWORKERS?
The sacrifices that Cesar make cause of the farmworkers was that he kept working to help the farmworkers. He demanded and end to the use of dangerous pesticides on crops. He won rest periods for pickers. And the hated short hoe was banned.

5) WHAT DID CESAR ACHIEVE FOR THE WORKERS? WHAT METHODS DID HE USE TO ACHIEVE THEM?
In the 1970's Chavez led a lettuce boycott and another grape boycott. In a 1972 protest over right to work laws he went on a twenty four day fast. In 1988 he went on a thirty six day fast to protest the use of pesticides in fields.

6) THE AUTHOR SAYS CESAR CHAVEZ WAS ONE OF THE TRULY HEROIC FIGURES. HAS SHE PROVED HER STATEMENT? HOW?
The author has proved her statement because Chavez gave dignity and hope not only farmworkers, but to all Mexican Americans. Cesar Chavez was a giant in the civil rights movement of the United states.

COMPARISON & CONTRAST ESSAY BETWEEN A SLAVE & CESAR CHAVEZ:

There are many similarities and differences between Tice Davids and Cesar Chavez. They both fight for human freedom and civil rights risking their life's sacrificing their hardship. On the other hand, they both sacrificed for different causes and ways of living.

Tice Davids and Cesar Chavez have many similarities in common. They both gave their best of their life's to reach freedom and that all people were treated the same way without racism. In addiction, fight for rights for the same social class risking their life's until the end. moreover, Tice Davids became a conductor on the Under ground Railroad, helping other running aways escape. While Cesar Chavez devoted his life to the cause. He gave dignity and hope not only to farmworkers, but to all Mexican Americans.


There are many differences in between Tice Davids and Cesar Chavez. Tice Davids was a slave who one day ran away from slavery. Resting himself without fear to run throughout the woods and the river bank to reach freedom and not to be a slave anymore. However, Cesar Chavez was a civil rights leader. He led the cause the farmworkers fight for their rights. Chavez won great gains for farmworkers. Devoting all his life for human civil rights.

In conclusion, Tice Davids and Cesar Chavez have many similarities in between as they have many differences in common.

THE NO- GUITAR BLUES

BY: Gary Soto.

THINK IT THROUGH:
1. HOW DOES FAUSTO GET A GUITAR?
Fausto get a guitar by his grandfather Lupe placed the guitarron, which was nearly as huge as a washtub, in his arms.

2. DO YOU THINK FAUSTO WAS RIGHT TO GIVE THE MONEY TO THE CHURCH? WHY OR WHY NOT?

I think Fausto was right to give the money to the church because that was his own decision and in that way he felt good giving the only 20 dollars that he had in his palm to the church as a donation.
3. HOW DO YOU THINK FAUSTO IS FEELING WHEN HE OFFERS TO WASH THE DISHES FOREVER?

I think Fausto is feeling good when he offers to wash the dishes forever since he wants to help his mother and showing his mom all the love that he have for her demostrating her his talent of been a good buy.

VACATION HOMEWORK(WRITING ACTIVITY):

1- WHAT DO YOU THINK MADAME LOISEL'S LIFE WILL BE LIKE NOW THAT SHE HAS PAID OFF HER DEPTH AND FOUND OUT THE REAL VALUE OF THE NECKLACE?
I think Madame Loisel's life will be like now that she has paid off her depth and found out the real value of the necklace is maybe she got married with another rich man but now she will apreciate all the real value that she didn't before because, the necklace gave her an example not to be greedy and vain with her self having a new experience of how hard work is.

2- DO YOU THINK MONEY CAN BRING HAPINESS?
I think money can not bring because, when rich people have everything for life they don't really know the real value of it and they don't appreciate things knowing where hard work come from.

DEFINITIONS AND SENTENCES:

1- TO SCRUB: To rub hard with a brush, cloth, etc, or against a rough surface in washing.

• Last night my sister scrub the wall with pink color.

2- WINKED: Extremely troublesome or dangerous.

• The snow storm was so winked.

3- CINDER: A partially or mostly burned piece of coal, wood, etc.

• Forest workers cinder all the wood last night.

4- SPUNKY: Plucky; spirited.

• The darkness of the room is spunky.

5- TO TRIM: To put into a neat or orderly condition by clipping, paring, pruning etc.

• I went outside to trim a hedge.

6- OCCASION: A particular time, esp.as marked by certain circumstances or accurrences.

• They met on three occasions.

7- ORPHAN: A child who has lost both parents through death,or,less commonly, one parent.

• My little cousin is orpan since she was three years old.

8- CASSEROLE: A small dish with a handle, used in chemical laboratories.

• My mom use a big casserole to cock.

9- TO SCRUMBLE: To strike the foot against something,as in walking or running, so as to stagger or fall; trip.

• I always strumble over the words.

10- PROFILE: The outline or contour of the human face,esp. The face viewed from one side.

• My space has a profile.

LANGUAGES AND LANGUAGE DIVERSITY:

A VOCABULARY:

systems, characters, form, meaningful
borrow, specializes, refer, to, divided
past, rate, estimate, linguists

1- THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT WRITING systems THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE USES THE ROMAN ALPHABET.
2- A DERMATOLOGIST IS A DOCTOR WHO specialist IN PROBLEMS OF THE SKIN.
3- THE UNITED STATES IS divided INTO FIFTY STATES.
4 IN THE past FIFTY YEARS,THE POPULATION OF THE WORLD HAS INCREASED RAPIDLY.
5- CAN I borrow YOUR PEN FOR JUST A MINUTE?
6- IT'S MUCH EASIER TO form WET SNOW INTO BALLS THAN TO USE DRY SNOW.
7-IN SOME COUNTRIES, STUDENTS refer THEIR PROFESSORS BY THEIR FIRST NAMES.
8- NOAM CHOMSKY,A PROFESSOR AT MIT,IS ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS meaningful IN THE WORLD.
9- A TEAM OF WORKERS CAN BUILD A CAR AT A FASTER rate THAN PEOPLE WORKING ALONE.
10- THE WORD diversity HAS NINE characters.

B VOCABULARY:

1-THE BEST WAY TO BECOME linguistics IS TO LIVE IN A FOREIGN COUNTRY.
2- HIS FRIENDS BEGAN TO WORRY ABOUT HIM WHEN HE SAID THAT THERE WAS NO LONGER ANYTHING meaningful IN HIS LIFE.
3- IF YOU WANT TO STUDY HOW PEOPLE LEARN LANGUAGES, YOU SHOULD TAKE A linguistic COURSE.
4- MOTORCYCLISTS WEAR HELMETS TO PREVENT brain INJURY IN AN ACCIDENT.
5- I DON'T KNOW THE EXACT POPULATION OF MY CITY, BUT I estimate THAT THERE ARE ABOUT 2 MILLION PEOPLE.
6- MY DENTIST SAID THAT I NEED TO GO TO A specialist TO GET MY TOOTH FIXED.
7- DURING THE PRESIDENT'S SPEECH, SHE MADE reference TO AN IMPORTANT NEW MEDICAL STUDY.
8- THE COMPUTER system FOR THE WHOLE OFFICE WAS DOWN FOR TWO DAYS.
9- WHEN YOU EXERCISE, YOUR HEART rate GOES UP.
10- WE HAD SUCH A LARGE CLASS THAT THE INSTRUCTOR HAD TO divide IT UP INTO THREE GROUPS.

C VOCABULARY REVIEW: ANTONYMS:

1- HARMLESS j. hazardous
2- INSTRUCTOR e. student
3- ONCE IN A WHILE d.often
4- LIFT k.drop
5- MAYBE c.certainly
6- TERRIFY g.calm
7- EMPTY b.full
8- POSITIVE a.negative
9- DEMAND f.request
10-TAKE OFF h.land
E COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS:

1- WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF A LANGUAGE?
A definition of a language is a systems of sounds,gestures,or characters used to communicate ideas and feelings.
2- WHAT IS A SIGN LANGUAGE?
A sign language is a method of communication which gestures do the work.
3- IN ENGLISH, THE BASIC ORDER OF WORDS IN YOUR FIRST LANGUAGE? OBJECT. WHAT IS THE BASIC ORDER OF WORDS IN YOUR FIRST LANGUAGE?
The basic order of words in my first language is expressed through a system of characters.In spoken languages, meaning is expressed through a system of sounds and rules for combining those sounds.
4- WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF BORROWED WORD?
An example of a borrowed word is tomato.
5- WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN INVENTED WORD?
The English word byte was invented by a computer specialists.
6- WHAT IS ONE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGE FAMILY AND THE INDO- EUROPEAN LANGUAGE FAMILY.
The difference between is that Austronesian family contains at least 500 languages and the Indo- European language family contains fifty- five languages.

7- WHY IS IT USEFUL TO GROUP LANGUAGES INTO FAMILIES?
It is useful to group languages into families because there are different groups and you compare the similarities between the languages.
8- SHOULD WE TRY TO KEEP LANGUAGES ALIVE?WHY OR WHY NOT?
We should keep languages alive because if not then by the time past they will die and that language it would not communicate that culture.
9- WHY IS IT MORE DIFFICULT FOR ADULTS THAN CHILDREN TO LEARN A SECOND LANGUAGE?
It is more difficult to adults than children to learn a second language because they use the same size of their brain and dults learn their first language because they already learn their first language.

F PARAPHRASING:

1- THERE ARE ABOUT 150 AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES SPOKEN TODAY. THESE LANGUAGES HAVE MANY DIFFERENCES AMONG THEM AND HAVE BEEN DIVIDED INTO MORE THAN FIFTY LANGUAGE FAMILIES.

There are about 150 American Indian languages around teh world spoken today.Thas why these languages have many differences among them and have been divided into more than fifty language families.
2- MOST CHLIDREN LEARN THEIR FIRST LANGUAGE EASILY AND SOMETIMES OTHER LANGUAGES AS WELL. ADULTS OFTEN MUST WORK HARDER AT LEARNING A SECOND LANGUAGE.
Childrens attend to leran their first language easily and sometimes other languages as well.Adults frequently must work harder at learning a second language.


G MAIN IDEA:

1- WRITE A SENTENCE FOR THE MAIN IDEA FOR PARAGRAPH 4.
Languages are always changing, trough words borrowed or changing the meaning of words.

2-WRITE A SENTENCE FOR THE MAIN IDEA FOR PARAGRAPH.
Today,50% of the world's population speaks one of the top fiften languages.

i WORD FORMS: ACTIVE AND PASSIVE.

1- THE LECTURE ON SAFE DRIVING WAS VERY instructive.
2- Honesty IS AN IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTIC FOR SOMEONE WORKING IN A BANK.
3- THAT MYSTERY PROGRAM WAS VERY imaginative. I DIDN'T KNOW HOW IT WAS GOING TO END UNTIL THE LAST MINUTE.
4- THE TELEPHONE invent BY ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL.
5- THE MINISTER OF HEALTH DIDN'T LIKE SOME OF THE QUESTIONS THAT THE interviewer ASKED HIM. HE interview BY A FOREIGN JOURNALIST.
6- MARGE STARTED A FIGHT WITH HER SISTER. THIS WAS VERY characteristically OF MARGE; SHE IS USUALLY NICE TO HER SISTER.
7- BARBARA IS GOING TO STUDY psychology. THEN SHE WILL WORK WITH PEOPLE WHO HAVE psychological PROBLEMS.
8- DAN beg HIS FRIEND TO LEND HIM HIS CAR.
9- MR.THOMPSON IS A DEPENDABLE PERSON. YOU KNOW THAT HE WILL DO WHAT HE SAYS. YOU CAN depend (on) HIM.

J NOUN SUBSTITUTES:
1) Page 134 line 15 it: word.
2) Page 134 line 19 they: languages.
3) Page 134 line 30 they: scientists.
4) Page 135 line 61 they: adults.
5) Page 135 line 68 they: languages.

K ARTICLE:

1- SOME LANGUAGES ARE USED BY MILLIONS OF PEOPLE.
2- MANY HEARING- IMPAIRED PEOPLE USE SIGN LANGUAGES, IN WHICH GESTURES DO THE WORK OF SOUND SYSTEM OF SPOKEN LANGUAGES.
3- WORD ORDER IS MORE IMPORTANT IN ENGLISH THAN IT IS IN SOME OTHER LANGUAGES SUCH AS RUSSIAN.
4- The ENGLISH WORD BYTE WAS INVENTED BY COMPUTER SPECIALISTS IN 1959.
5- ENGLISH WORD MEAT ONCE REFERRED TO FOOD IN GENERAL.
6- EXPERTS ESTIMATE THAT, ON AVERAGE, THE WORLD LOSES a LANGUAGE EVERY TWO WEEKS.
7- TODAY, 50% OF the WORLD'S POPULATION SPEAKS ONE OF the TOP FIFTEEN LANGUAGES.
8- RECENT RESEARCH INDICATES THAT a CHILD'S BRAIN LEARNS a NEW LANGUAGE DIFFERENTLY THAN an ADULT'S BRAIN DOES.

I TWO- WORD VERBS:

1- U.N. stand for UNITED NATIONS.
2- TOM HAD A BIG PARTY. AFTER WARDS, HE HAD TO clean up THE HOUSE. THREE OF HIS FRIENDS STAYED TO help out.
3- ALI STUDIED AT NEW YORK UNIVERSITY FOR FIVE YEARS. WHEN HE LEFT, TWENTY PEOPLE WENT TO THE AIRPORT TO pick him up.
4- LET'S GO TO THE PARTY TOGETHER. I'LL pick YOU up AT 9:00.

M GUIDED WRITING:

1- COMPARE YOUR FIRST LANGUAGE TO THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. HOW ARE THEY SIMILAR? HOW ARE THEY DIFFERENT?
My first language is Spanish it is similar to the English because, the meaning is expressed through a system of characters and rules for combining those characters. On the other hand they are different since, English is pronounced as it is and written in the different hearing sound. However, Spanish is written as it is sound. Moreover it is different by the ascent of pronunciation.

2- WHAT IS EASY ABOUT LEARNING A SECOND LANGUAGE? WHAT IS DIFFICULT?

The main idea about learning a second language is listening, reading, and using the language. The difficult part is that it takes time for the brain to memorize a new language.

CHARACTER ANALYSIS

MADAME LOISEL(CHARACTERISTICS):

Madame Loisel was one of those pretty and charming young creatures who sometimes are born, as if by a slip of fate, into a poor family.She had no dowry, no expectations, no way of being know, understood , loved, married by any rich and clasic man; so she let herself be married to a little clerk of the Ministry of public Instruction, she dressed plainly because, she could not dress well, but she was unhappy as if she had really fallen from a higher station. However after she spend 10 years for just to replace the necklace became uggly and poor again and learned a lesson from her own mistake not to be vain and greedy with her self.

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD:

The Underground Railroad was a highly organized system.
FALSE.
Many of those involved in the Underground Railroad were,
Free blacks.
Why would the escape of a small percentage of slaves cause so much trouble?
The owners would not let them go and they new who were their slaves.
Harriet Tubman was not important to the Underground Railroad.
FALSE
How did the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 affect escaped slaves?
Anyone caught helping the runaways could be prosecuted. The runaway slaves themselves were no longer safe just getting to the northern states. Their journeys suddenly became longer and even more dangerous. Now they had to make it across the border to Canada.
The first Canadian African American newspaper was produced by,
Josiah Henson
What might have happened if the Underground Railroad hadn't existed?
It might happen that the slaves wouldn't have no way to scape since the Railroad was the only secret to run away.
Why did so many escaped slaves move to Canada?
The Underground Railroad didn't stop until it reached the border.

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD:

You are a member of the Underground Railroad. A small group of runaway slaves has come to your home to be hidden. All goes well until a neighbor who is not sympathetic to the cause becomes suspicious. What do you do?

If a neighbor who is not sympathetic to the cause becomes suspicious the first step that I will do is before oppening the door make sure that all the runaway slaves are in a special safe place were no one could find them.The second step that I would do is act normal and relax like I am not hidden something for no one but at the same time make sure that person dosen't search my house around were the slaves are situated.

If you were a slave who was planning to runaway, what kind of plans would you make? How would you know when the time was right to leave?

If I were a slave who was planing to runaway the kind of plans that I would make is come through my mind is the "Undergroung railroad" since that was the word and the truth that all slaves believed. The second plan is follow the instructions of those who guided the runing aways along the highly secret system of the underground railroad which call themselves "conductors". I would know when the time was right to leave at night spreading on the wind down to the riverbank resting without fear covering my selflike a blanket as I skept meaning that nobody could buy or sell me. The river might be covered in fog and hidden deep in the mist on the shore, a running away could clearly hear the bell that I could follow its ringing all the way over and to a safe house.

SLAVER: A dealer in or an owner of slaves.

• A slaver person treat bad his slaves.

DANGEROUS: Full of danger or risk; causing danger.

• Global warming is dangerous for our environment.

SUCCESSFUL: Having attained wealt, position, honors, or the like.

• I am successful in my spanish class.

YOKE: A device for joining together a pair of draft animals, esp. oxen, usually consisting of a crosspiece with two bow-shaped pieces, each enclosing the head of an animal.

• The farm has a group of yoke.

ACTUALLY: As an actual or existing fact; really.

• Regents are actually important.

TREASURE: Wealth or riches stored or accumulated, esp. in the form of precious metals, money, jewels, or plate.

• Rich people have a lot of treasure in the bank.

EXTREMELY: Most remote in any direction; outermost or farthest.

• Outside is extremely cold.

IDUSTRIOUS: working energetically and devotedly.

• An industrious person is so dedicated.

RUNAWAY: A person who runs away; fugitive; deserter.

• Some slaves runaway under their secret system.

FORMER: Preceding in time; prior or earlier.

• My father wakes up early to former to work.

VARIOUS: Marked by or exhibiting variety or diversity.

• Various experiments have not proved his theory.

BONDAGE: The state of being bound by or subjected to some external power or control.

• The bondage of the box does a great job.

TRICKLE: To flow or fall by drops, or in a small, gentle stream.

• Tears trickled down her cheeks.

THINK CRITICALLY

1. What might be Mme. Loisel's thoughts and feelings right after she learns that the diamond necklace was only a paste?
Mme.Loisel's thoughts and feelings might be right after she learns that the diamond necklace was only a paste was that meybe she felt angry or stupid because she spent 10 year for working very hard just to pay a fake neckclace or she learn in life what is really important in life learning the balue of working hard.

2. How does Madame Loise changes as a result of her experiences?
Madame Loisel changes as a result of her experiences is that she would have to tell the truth and never lie and not to be vaine with her self. Also she learn the value of her self on everything to be satisfied with her self.

3. Madame Loisel pays dearly for losing the necklace. Do you think that experience ruins her life or saves her life? Explain your answer.
I think that experience saves her life since,now she had an example on how not to be the same greedy person that she was before. Also she learn to appreciate what she has and learned from her mistakes to become a better person.

4. The literary critic Edward D. Sullivan declares that "The Necklace" is showing that in people's lives "blind chance rules". Do you agree or disagree? cite evidence to support your opinion.
I agree because Mme Loisel was the kind of person that only thinks on her self. Also just in one night she lost everything that she had before.

5. Suppose that Madame Loisel had not lost the necklace. On the basis of her feelings and actions in the story, what do you think her future would have been like?

I think madame Liosel future will have been like the same greedy person that she was before, and never change. Also she would married a diffrent rich man since she never love him.

6. Do people still chase after wealth and social status today? Explain.

People still chase after wealth and social status today because now people think money is more important than anything.
7. What do you think Madame Loisel's life will be like now that she has paid off her debt and found real value of the necklace?

I think Madame Loisel's life will be like now that she has paid off her debt and found the real value of the necklace will be that she will had sell the necklace and get all her husband saving's and had her life like she wanted to be.

8. Analyze Madame Loisel and Monsieur Loisel' characteristics.

Madame Loisel characteristic is pretty, selfless, greedy, vain, want to be rich.Also felt like she deserves more than a little clerk in the ministry of education.

9. SYMBOLISM: What does the necklace symbolize in the story?
The necklace is the symbol of wealth, social class and richness.

10. From which point of view is the story told? Explain.
The story is told by the narrator.

11. What is the main conflict in the story?
The main conflict in the story is Eventhough she is not rich but she things that dosent belong in her secial class and wants more living a life that she dosen't have.

12. What is the theme of the story?

The theme of the story is vanity is the enemy of logic.

13. What is the moral of this story?

The moral of the story is not to be greedy and appreciate what you have.

14. Outline the events in "The Necklace" that form:


* EXPOSITION: Is when it says she was a charming young lady married to a minor clerck and having a middle class life.

* RISING ACTION: When her husband brought the necklace.

* CLIMAX : The climax is when Madame Loisel lost the necklace.

* FALLING ACTION: When Madame's husband sold all his savings accounts.

* RESOLUTION : When they found out that the necklace was "paste".